CANCUN, MEXICO — North American native groups urged the United States and Canada to abandon support for carbon-heavy oil sands in one of the first visible protests at the UN climate talks in Cancun.
They regard the booming oil sands industry in Alberta as the main reason for Canada’s reluctance to embrace stronger greenhouse gas reduction targets and its failure to meet its Kyoto commitments. The U.S. is the largest purchaser of the Canadian crude.
The indigenous groups are particularly concerned over the possible U.S. approval of a 1,700-mile cross-border pipeline known as the Keystone XL. The project, proposed by TransCanada, would eventually pipe 900,000 barrels of oil sands crude each day from northern Alberta to refineries in Texas and tankers off the Gulf Coast.
The pipeline permit has become a focus of attention among U.S. lawmakers especially since the BP Gulf of Mexico oil disaster heightened concern over environmental security. The Keystone XL line would cut through the largest underground aquifer in the U.S. vital to agriculture and population centers in the region and crisscross the lands of several Native American tribes.
The U.S. EPA has criticized the State Department’s environmental review of the project as inadequate, creating an inter-agency tussle that has delayed a permit decision into next year. TransCanada, the energy infrastructure company that wants to build the pipeline, has defended the State Department’s review of the project as thorough and complete.
“We’re here to place pressure on the U.S. for the Keystone XL project and on Canada to actually take a stand on climate change,” Jasmine Thomas of the Carrier First Nation in British Columbia told SolveClimate News.
The demonstrators greeted climate negotiators from some 200 nations as they passed through security at the Cancun conference hub. A handful of police kept an eye on the protests, as a few dozen curious passersby gathered to watch and grab fliers.
The tribes said they came to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) summit for a shot at being heard.
‘No Response from U.S.’
“We did not get a response [to our concerns] from the United States government,” said Casey Camp-Horinek of the Ponca Nation of Oklahoma, one of the tribes that would be affected by the pipeline.
“We feel as if taking it to another level — where we do have a voice — would give us a better chance,” she told SolveClimate News.
Oil sands production involves mining and extracting tarry bitumen out from under Alberta’s boreal forests. The U.S. EPA says that on a “well-to-wheels” basis the heavy oil extracted is 82 percent more carbon intensive than conventional oil. The agency’s estimate sits in a middle ground between widely varying claims surrounding the oil sands’ carbon footprint offered by industry and environmentalists.
Water pollution is a separate concern. Recent research from the University of Alberta found elevated levels of 11 toxic elements in the oil sands’ main water source, the Athabasca River.
Camp-Horinek said “there is already a web of pipelines under the ground” in her native Oklahoma from oil refineries that is bringing spills and damaging the quality of air and water with “virtually no regard for any emergency situations.”
“The Keystone XL pipeline is not needed or wanted,” she said.
A spokesperson for TransCanada told SolveClimate News that there is a need for the pipeline, which would also bring billions of dollars into the U.S. economy and create thousands of construction jobs.
“The crude oil we would transport is needed to replace dwindling supplies of crude at Texas refineries,” James Millar said via email. “Supplies from Mexico and Venezuela are declining so the refiners need to replace that supply and they want to do it with Canadian crude.”
Canada Acts Quietly
The two dozen protesters delivered their message wearing T-shirts that spelled out the words “Shut Down the Tar Sands.”
Canadian environmentalists at the talks said they do not expect their demands will be heeded. There was no official reaction to the protests.
They point to evidence that the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper is quietly trying to block any climate change policies that would make it more difficult to market oil sands to the world.
Emails obtained by the Pembina Institute think tank and Climate Action Network (CAN) Canada under Access to Information Act requests seem to support that claim.
The correspondence, published last week, reveals efforts by the Canadian government to “derail” or “water down” actions to curb greenhouse gases in the U.S. and Europe, said Hugo Segun, a principal adviser for Montreal-based environmental group Equiterre and chair of CAN Canada.
In Cancun this week, Canada quietly backed Japan’s declaration to oppose extension of the Kyoto pact beyond 2012, observers say. Canada ratified the 1997 treaty but has not met its own obligations.
Adriana Mugatto-Hamu, the nominated candidate for the Green Party of Canada, said that the government sees “killing Kyoto” as the “easiest way” to get out of paying penalties for shirking its protocol duties.
Canada in Full Force
Canada supports a single global deal that covers all major emitters, in line with the stated positions of the U.S. and Japan this week.
To its credit, Segun said, the federal government has committed $400 million in “fast-start” funds promised last year to help poorer nations adapt to the effects of climate change and slow forest loss.
While much of it is a mix of loans and recycled aid, “they’ve put money on the table very fast,” he said.
Canada has a large delegation of nearly 100 people in Cancun, according to UNFCCC documents. Alberta Environment Minister Rob Renner is expected to arrive next week.
Most expect he’s flying in to defend oil sands as an energy solution for the 21st century. Both the Alberta and Canadian governments and the oil industry have long argued that the oil from a friendly neighbor is a boon to North American and global security, and have stepped up communications efforts to counter the poor environmental image the oil sands have acquired globally.
Quebec Premier Jean Charest, too, is expected to attend. The province has pledged to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2020, like the EU, and is coming to Cancun to pressure Ottawa to do more, Segun said.
‘We’ve Been Silenced by the UNFCCC’
Yesterday’s oil sands action was one of the first visible demonstrations held at the Cancun talks. This stands in stark contrast to last year’s higher-stakes Copenhagen negotiations that saw thousands of colorful protests — some of which turned violent.
Young campaigners in Cancun said they’ve been denied the right to protest.
“We’re being silenced by the UNFCCC,” said Abigail Borah of SustainUS, who said they must get pre-approved for any action or risk losing credentials to attend the talks.
“Even if we were to sit in a line we have to get approval. If we have a banner, we have to get approval,” she told SolveClimate News.
Michael Pica, another youth activist, said the UNFCCC has shot down most of his requests to protest. They want to keep youth in roped off areas with no visibility, he lamented.
A spokesperson for the UNFCCC denied those allegations.
“Civil society observers are generally very welcome, unless they violate the NGO Code of Conduct, which occurs “when they engage in any kind of behavior which is disruptive for the negotiations or pose a security threat,” John Hay said in an email to SolveClimate News,
The youth activists said they may consider a more radical response next week when higher-level delegates arrive.
See also:
Japan’s Motion to Kill Kyoto Protocol a ‘Slap in the Face,’ Advocates Say
U.S. Call to Preserve Copenhagen Accord Puts Climate Conference on Edge
Youth Activists Reveal Toned-Down Strategy for Cancun
Nebraska Ranchers Fear Pipeline Talks Have Gone Awry
EPA Slams State Department on Proposed Oil Pipeline
Tribal Councils in U.S. and Canada Uniting Against Oil Sands Pipeline
Senators Assail Clinton Over Tar Sands Pipeline Comments
50 Members of Congress Warn State Dept Against Rubberstamping 2,000-Mile Oil Sands Pipeline
